|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
The Israeli—Palestinian Conflict in Israeli Elections
Michal Shamir
Department of Political Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978, m3600{at}post.tau.ac.il
Jacob Shamir
Department of Communication and Journalism, the Hebrew University, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem, Israel 91905, jshamir{at}mscc.huji.ac.il
The Israeli—Palestinian conflict is one of the most intractable conflicts in the world today. During the period of the 1990s and early 2000s, its salience was especially high. In this article, we explore the role of elections in the conflict, focusing on deliberation, legitimation, and representation. We analyze the five Israeli elections between 1992 and 2003. Our findings raise significant doubts as to the quality of deliberation on the conflict in these five election campaigns, and suggest that the campaigns and election interpretations did not contribute to legitimation of policy in this area beyond procedural legitimacy. Nevertheless, the elections had a major impact in molding the conflict through their role in transferring power and in producing dynamic representation. Although our focus is on a single case, this article falls within the body of empirical research about elections as instruments of democracy and their role in shaping the course of international conflicts.
Key Words: Elections Deliberation Legitimation Representation Israeli—Palestinian conflict
References
- Arian, A. (1995). Security Threatened. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Arian, A. and Shamir, M. (1993). "Two Reversals in Israeli Politics: Why 1992 was not 1977," Electoral Studies 12: 313—39.
- Arian, A., Nachmias, D., Navot, D. and Shani, D. (2003). Auditing Israeli Democracy 2003. Jerusalem: Israel Democracy Institute.
- Barnett, M., ed. (1996). Israel in Comparative Politics: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Bar-Tal, D. (1998). "Societal Beliefs in Times of Intractable Conflict: The Israeli Case," International Journal of Conflict Management 9: 22—50.[Web of Science]
- Beetham, D. (1991). The Legitimation of Power. London: Macmillan.
- Bennett, W.L. (2003). News: The Politics of Illusion, 5th edn. New York: Longman.
- Benoit, K. and Laver, M. (2006). Party Policy in Modern Democracies. London: Routledge.
- Boiney, J. and Paletz, D.L. (1991). "In Search of the Model Model: Political Science Versus Political Advertising Perspectives on Voter Decision Making," in F. Biocca (ed.), Television and Political Advertising, Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Cox, G.W. (1997). Making Votes Count. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Dahl, R.A. (1956). A Preface to Democratic Theory. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Erikson, R.S., MacKuen, M.B. and Stimson, J.A. (2002). The Macro Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Feniger, Y. (2003). "Analysis of the Change in Israeli Jewish Public Opinion with Respect to the Oslo Agreement under the Netanyahu and Barak Governments," unpublished paper (Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.
- Fishkin, James S. (1991). Democracy and Deliberation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Grossback, L.J., Peterson, D.A.M. and Stimson, J.A. (2006). Mandate Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Gutmann, A. and Thompson, D. (2004). Why Deliberative Democracy? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Habermas, J. (1984). The Theory of Communicative Action. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
- Habermas, J. (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Hale, J.F. (1993). "Shaping the Conventional Wisdom," Political Communication 10: 285—302.
- Hazan, R. (1999). "The Electoral Consequences of Political Reform: In Search of the Centre of the Israeli Party System," in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds), The Elections in Israel — 1996. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Hershey, M.R. (1992). "The Constructed Explanation: Interpreting Election Results in the 1984 Presidential Race," Journal of Politics 54: 943—76.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Holmberg, S. (2000). "Issue Agreement," in P. Esaiasson and K. Heidar (eds), Beyond Westminster and Congress: The Nordic Experience. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
- Huckfeldt, R., Sprague, J. and Levine, J. (2000). "The Dynamics of Collective Deliberation in the 1996 Elections: Campaign Effects on Accessibility, Certainty, and Accuracy," American Political Science Review 94: 641—51.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Iyengar, S. (1991). Is Anyone Responsible? How Television Frames Political Issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Iyengar, S. and Simon, A.F. (2000). "New Perspectives and Evidence on Political Communication and Campaign Effects," Annual Review of Psychology 51: 149—69.
- Just, M.R., Crigler, A.N., Alger, D.E., Cook, T.E., Kern, M. and West, D.M. (1996). Crosstalk: Citizens, Candidates, and the Media in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Just, M.R., Crigler, A.N. and Buhr, T. (1999). "Voice, Substance, and Cynicism in Presidential Campaign Media," Political Communication 16: 25—44.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Kahn, K.F. and Kenney, P.J. (1999). The Spectacle of U.S. Senate Campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Kaid, L.L. and Holtz-Bacha, C., eds (1995). Political Advertising in Western Democracies: Parties and Candidates on Television. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Katz, R.S. (1997). Democracy and Elections. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Katz, R.S. (2000). "Functions of Elections," in R. Rose (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Elections. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
- Keeler, J.T.S. (1993). "Opening the Window for Reform: Mandates, Crises, and Extraordinary Policy-Making," Comparative Political Studies 25: 433—86.[Abstract]
- Kimmerling, B. (1985). The Interrupted System, in collaboration with I. Backer. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
- Kimmerling, B. (2001). The Invention and Decline of Israeliness. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- King, E. and Schudson, M. (1995). "The Press and the Illusion of Public Opinion: The Strange Case of Ronald Reagan's `Popularity,'" in T. Glaser and C.T. Salmon (eds), Public Opinion and the Communication of Consent. New York: Guilford Press.
- Laver, M. and Hunt, W.B. (1992). Policy and Party Competition. New York: Routledge.
- Lissak, M., ed. (1984). Israeli Society and its Defense Establishment. London: Frank Cass.
- McDonald, M.D. and Budge, I. (2005). Elections, Parties, Democracy — Conferring the Median Mandate. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mendilow, J. (2003). Ideology, Party Change, and Electoral Campaigns in Israel, 1965—2001. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Mendilow, J. (2004). "Past, Future, and Present Perfect: The 2003 Elections in Israel" unpublished manuscript.
- Mendilow, J. (2005). "Uniqueness and Similarities in the Study of Israeli Parties: The Case of the 2003 Elections" Israel Studies Forum 20: 49—69.
- Miller, W.E., Pierce, R., Thomassen, J., Herrera, R., Holmberg, S., Esaisson, P. and Wessels, B. (1999). Policy Representation in Western Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Oren, N. (2005). "The Impact of Critical Events in the Arab—Israeli Conflict on the Ethos of the Arab—Israeli Conflict (1967—2000) " PhD dissertation. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.
- Patterson, T.E. (1994). Out of Order. New York: Vintage Books.
- Peterson, D.A.M., Grossback, L.J., Stimson, J.A. and Gangl, A. (2003). "Congressional Response to Mandate Elections," American Journal of Political Science 47: 411—26.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Powell, G.B. (2000). Elections as Instruments of Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Powell, G.B. (2004). "Political Representation in Comparative Politics," Annual Review of Political Science 7: 273—96.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Rae, D. ( 1967). The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Rose, R. and Mossawir, H. (1967). "Voting and Elections: A Functional Analysis," Political Studies 15: 173—201.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Shafir, G. and Peled, Y. (2002). Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Shamir, J. (forthcoming). Public Opinion in the Israeli—Palestinian Conflict: From Geneva to Disengagement, Peaceworks. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
- Shamir, M. and Arian, A. (1999). "Collective Identity and Electoral Competition in Israel," American Political Science Review 93(2): 265—77.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Shamir, M. and Arian, A. (2002). "Abstaining and Voting in 2001" in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds), The Elections in Israel — 2001. Jerusalem: Israel Democracy Institute.
- Shamir, M. and Arian, A. (2005). "Introduction," in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds), The Elections in Israel — 2003. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
- Shamir, M., Shamir, J. and Sheafer, T. (forthcoming). "The Political Communication of Mandate Elections," Political Communication.
- Stimson, J.A., MacKuen, M.B. and Erikson, R.S. (1995). "Dynamic Representation," American Political Science Review 89: 543—65.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Swanson, D.L. and Mancini, P., eds (1996). Politics, Media and Modern Democracy. Westport, CT: Praeger.
- Weber, M. (1968). Economy and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Weimann, G. and Sheafer, T. (2004). Media Coverage of Elections in Israel: Lessons from Four Electoral Campaign Studies (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, Haim Herzog Institute for Media, Politics and Society.
- Weimann, G. and Wolfsfeld, G. (2002). "Struggles Over the Electoral Agenda: The Elections of 1996 and 1999" in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds), The Elections in Israel — 1999. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Wlezien, C. (1995). "The Public as Thermostat: Dynamics of Preferences for Spending," American Journal of Political Science 39: 981—1000.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Wolfsfeld, G. (1995). "Voters as Consumers: Audience Perspectives on the Election Broadcasts," in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds), The Elections in Israel — 1992. Albany: State University of New York.
International Political Science Review, Vol. 28, No. 4,
469-491 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0192512107079641

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Shamir and J. Shamir
What were the Elections about, and Why We Should Ask about it in Election Surveys
Int. J. Public Opin. Res.,
June 1, 2008;
20(2):
211 - 223.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|
|